musings of a salt whisperer
My fellow noticed that the calculation for FE Urea is described as FENa in the Results.
I had never heard of MedCalc for the iPhone but MedCalc had been my medical calculator on the Palm Platform since 1999. I noted that this iPhone version had one of the same authors form the Palm Version, Mathias Tschopp.
So one more medical calculator review: MedCalc
For the iPhone version, Mathias has added a second partner, Pascal Pfiffner. This duo has put together a sharp and innovative medical calculator.
The program has created the best system for finding the equations you use. First off the equations are grouped into specialties. Then the program keeps a list of recently used programs and finally it allows you to generate a list of favorites. Mathias and Pascal have created a new system for marking favorites which is not modal. This makes it unconventional for the iPhone but it also makes generating a favorite list less of a chore. Whenever you are browsing through the equations and you see one you want to add to your favorites all you need to do is double tap the equation and it gets marked by a star. Neat. In addition to categories, favorites and recents, MedCalc also allows the user to search for equations.
The other innovation for the calculator is how the user interacts with the formula. The program does not have separate panels for entering data. all of the values can be seen on one page. The number pad is a panel which can be slid out of the way and is slightly transparent. The whole package is very slick. The units for the variables can be switched by selecting the appropriate unit on the right.
The other cool feature is that the program indicates required variables by shading the background pink. Optional data has a white background. MedCalc swithce from the 4 to the 5 or 6 variable formula on the fly depending on what variables the user inputs.
Additionally for the osmolar gap it includes the optional ethanol level. In terms of information supplied with the equation the program always supplies adequate data for the user to interpret the formula. Some of the references are not the ones I would have selected but overall its pretty slick. In terms of weaknesses, there’s no FE Urea. Oh well.
I have three different medical calculators on my iPhone. Two of them I actually use and the third came bundled as part of a different program. I put each calculator through its paces and comment on the differences found in this generally commoditized market.
The three calculators are:
Mediquations was the first medical calculator on the iPhone platform. The author is a third-year medical student, Zack Mahdavi. I have spoken with him and he is a good guy. Since releasing the program in July 2008, he has repeatedly upgraded Mediquations at no additional charge to users. He has focused on adding new calculations to his program and Mediquations has acquired a truly stunning breadth of equations. He claims 201 equations ranging from A-a Oxygen Gradient to Winter for Metabolic Acidosis.
The program has grown large and takes awhile to get past the splash screen and into the functional calculator.
The program then displays a conventional alphabetical list of equations. You can alternatively sort them by categories. Mediquations allows you to bookmark a set of frequently used “Favorites” to easily get past the ton of equations provided.
The MDRD equation is the conventional 4-variable equation and is accurate.
Tapping on a numerical variable sends you to an easy to finger keypad.
Thoughtfully you can switch units on the fly by tapping the i above the units.
For Boolean data you just tap the variable and it gets checked.
Tapping “More Info” gives you the formula and usually a reference and sometimes some background data on how to interpret the calculation. For the MDRD, Mediquations references the Levey paper (PDF) from the Annals which describes the 6-variable, not the 4-variable formula. There is a link which takes you to the PubMed reference in Mediquation’s own web browser.
The execution of “More Info” is spotty. The fractional excretion of sodium gives the formula, a paragraph on how to use and interpret the formula, and a reference to a 1984 American Journal of Medicine article rather than the original Espinel article which introduced the formula or the Shrier paper which validated it. The FeNa info is much better than the FeUrea info which is limited to just the formula without a reference or any help interpreting the calculation. The TTKG falls in the middle with the formula, a short descriptive paragraph which correctly points out that the formula is only valid with a urine Na over 25 and urine osmolality over 300 but gives no guidance on how to interpret the results. Instead of a peer reviewed reference, Mediquations directs people to Wikipedia which, as of 3/2/09, also does not have the correct Halperin reference but does a pretty good job on guiding the reader on how to interpret the calculation.
Overall I give Mediquations three out of four stars. Mahdavi has focused on breadth (200+ formulas!) rather than making the core formulas easier to use and fully documenting those calculations with useful information.
QxMD publishes four different free calculators: Neph (iTunes link), Cards, GI, and HEME. Each calculator has the same equations but the opening screen just shows the namesake’s equations. To get to the other specialties you have to drill down to them. I like this solution to the avalanche of equations found in Mediquation.
Instead of having a favorites tab the equations you use most frequently are automatically added to the Recent list which allows you to generate the same functionality of a favorites list without the work. Nice.
The best feature of NephCalc is a feature called Question Flow. When you turn this on each variable you need to enter is prompted automatically. This significantly speeds data input. For example the data entry flow for Mediquations and the MDRD GFR is:
For Nephro Calc it is:
It saves two steps and feels a lot more streamlined. Nice innovation.
The Info button leads to a page with interpretive information and a reference. QxMD choose the 2002 K/DOQI guidelines for CKD staging which is probably a great reference, since the 4-variable formula was never published in a peer reviewed journal. The K/DOQI guideline does a nice job of describing the MDRD formula.
The FeUrea information page gives good data on interpreting this calculation and references the KI article (PDF) which put FeUrea on the map rather than the Kaplan and Kohn article where the calculation was first published. I think that is appropriate. (Though it makes me a little sad to see Orly Kohn forgotten for what it is one of the coolest new things in clinical nephrology. Orly was one of my mentor’s at U of C where she runs the PD clinic and is one of the attendings that enriched my fellowship. I remember doing the KI article in journal club and she was in the room and was completely modest about us critiquing her formula.)
With the TTKG QxMD again shines with a good description of how to interpret the calculation, the equation and the correct Halperin reference but the link which promises the abstract doesn’t work.
Like Mediquations however, not every equation has informative “Info.” The osmolar gap simply states “No additional information is available for this topic.”
Overall, I think that Nephro Calc is the best clinical calculator for nephrology and its free. It is not perfect but its close enough to perfect, to be the calculator I recommend to students and fellows rotating with me.
MedMath is bundled as part of Epocrates (iTunes Link). One of the key differences with MedMath is that instead of going to individual pages for each variable all the variables are on one screen. This limits the screen space for a number pad and MedMath uses a non-standard keypad which is significantly smaller than the ones in Mediquation and Nephro Calc. I found it more difficult to tap in the correct numbers with my fingers. I wonder if this is cruft from MedMath being originally written for the PalmOS and stylus-based touch screens.
The MDRD equation pictured is the less often used 6-variable formula. Which means that unless you have the albumin and BUN you can’t calculate the GFR.
The calculated osmolality does not allow one to enter the alcohol level, an omission also found in NephCalc. Only Mediquations allows you to correct the calculated osmolality for ethanol.
For me, the MDRD equation is one of the killer features of a medical calculator so MedMath with its 6-variable silliness totally fails and is a non-starter.
Last week on the fellow education day we did the ESRD NephSAP. Dr. Bellovich showed me that the complete text is available through iTunes as a podcast. Sweet. I have started to listen to the NephSAP in the car. Seems like a pretty cool way to get the info.
Last July when I went to use UpToDate on the iPhone it used the traditional PC website so it was very slow and ill suited to the iPhone. I went to use it a few days ago and it had been reformatted to the iPhone and was fast and clean.
I tap on the UpToDate icon to launch Safari and go straight to UpToDate. The icon is called a webclip. You can learn more about this at this Apple webpage.
Then I log in with my username and password.
Look at how simple the search page is. It loads nearly instantly.
The results load fast and are way easier to read than on the previous site.
You then get an outline of the subject. Burton Rose calls them “Cards.”
Then you arrive at a manuscript that reads great on the iPhone screen.
Even foot notes pull up the reference and abstract.
I was playing around, I mean doing important work, and found out you don’t need to use a browser or an FTP client to move files on and off the iPhone.
This is for Mac OS X Leopard (10.5).
Press command-K from the finder to bring up the Connect to Server command.
Enter the afp address listed at the bottom of the DataCase screen. Then connect. You should click on guest at the next dialog box.
You will then be looking at a list of servers (folders) to mount on desktop.
Select the folder you want and then accept the connection on the iPhone.
Then you will have a new shared volume on the computer and you can upload, download or browse the files just like any hard drive.
One of the coolest features of the iPhone is using it as a wireless USB drive. The iPhone can be used to carry all of your documents around so that you can use them on any convenient computer. One advantage over a thumbdrive is that you can not only transport these files from cvomputer-to-computer but you can view the files, right on the iPhone, as well.
In order to do this you must use a third party application. I will demonstrate the application that I use, DataCase (6.99 from the iTunes Store).
1. Start the application by tapping on it.
2. To browse documents that have been previously loaded, just tap on the file type at the bottom of the screen or tap on the folder icon in the center of the white donut.
3. You then can select the volume yoiu want to look at. Volumes are like folders on your computer.
3. To see the files on a PC or Mac, type in either the http or ftp address in the address bar of a internet browser or FTP client. The iPhone and the computer must be logged on to the same wireless network for this to work (I think).
When you select either of the above directories you will need to accept the connection on the iPhone. This provides some degree of security.
You can then download any file by simply clicking on it in the browser.
To upload the files, launch an FTP client. I use Transmit by Panic software. Enter the ftp address at the bottom of the DataCase home screen and drag the files you want over to the iPhone.
You can view any of the files you uploaded on the iPhone right in the DataCase application.
Here are the instructional How-To videos from DataCase’s website.
MacOS X Leopard walkthrough:
Windows Walkthrough
One of my favorite lectures. I’m supposed to give an hour lecture on contrast nephropathy but I find that the residents have excellent knowledge and instincts on this topic so I expand it in two other areas they are less well versed:
I have four medical applications on my iPhone, of which I use two. Here is a quick review.
To show how the iPhone equipped physician approaches clinical problems I will use the DB’s Medical Rants most recent acid-base problem. He presents a case with the following information:
49-year-old man, previously in good health, presents after a few weeks of progressive weakness and dizziness. He admits to polyuria. Your job is to extensively discuss his lab tests.
The first step in my mind is to fully interpret the ABG. To do this we will use the application ABG.
ABG
This simply named program is an ABG calculator that runs through the standard algorithms for detecting multiple primary acid-base abnormalities. Can’t remember Winter’s Formula. As long as you don’t have boards coming up you can just plug’n chug and turn DB’s ABG into the following:
This does two of the calculations that DB describes at length:
The next step is adjusting his sodium for the hyperglycemia. To do this we will use Mediquations though Medical  Calc works just as well.
Of coarse you wouldn’t know it was Katz’s conversion because even if you tap on “More Info,” Mediquation does not provide the reference. Likewise you will not get the reference with Medical Calc.
Though DB did not explore free water defecits in his discussion of the case this is a clinically relevent point. You can use Mediquation to calculate the water deficit.
