The COVID Diaries 3: Ladies and Gentleman, I think this tweet is going to get me in trouble…

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes. They have remained in Drafts for over a month, but now I am going to start publishing these diary entries mostly just to document the strangest, most unexpected experience of my medical career.

After the second week of peak COVID; a week where I had my own COVID scare, worked har, lost patients, and had a Quarantine Zoom Seder; I was relaxing on twitter, feeling pretty good when the NEJM dropped the first data on Remdesivir. It was a report on the compassionate use program. One of our patients at St Johns had been part of the program. The data looked promising and it was being published in the highest journal of the land. I had seen the article after reading about it from one of the top doctors on Twitter, Eric Topol.

And after scanning the abstract, I quickly tapped out my šŸ”„-take.

It may not be my most populat tweet but it is certainly in the top 10.

It may have been popular but mostly at my expense. I was not ratioed, but it sure felt like it. Comments were about 10:1 opposed to my enthusiasm. Here are a few of the best:

My Tweet was the lead in coverage over the reaction to the study by WebMD. No, they didn’t reach out to me for comment.

So now it seems like I own remdesivir. See Waitzman’s comment when the Executive Deputy Editor of NEJM presented Grand Rounds at Beth Israel.

And this week, the study, and my tweet were part of The Curbsiders

And I was Exhibit A in the ID Journal Club Chat (#IDClub)

I think it was an unfortunate tweet made too quickly in the evening. I was hoodwinked by the authority of the NEJM and Topol. It probably dropped my credibly as a science communicator. But the importance of this moment is quickly approaching zero as placebo controlled remdesivir data (both positive and negative) begins to emerge. Live and learn. Tweet and move on.

The COVID Diaries. Not COVID, FauxVID

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes. They have remained in Drafts for over a month, but now I am going to start publishing these diary entries mostly just to document the strangest, most unexpected experiences of my medical career.

After my first week in COVID land I was on-call and we adapted to the new crisis. That Saturday while on call I was very tired. This is not so unusual, call is tiring. But that night I went to bed at 9:30, that is unusual. I never go to bed that early. By the next afternoon I had a scratchy throat and I started to wonder if I had the ‘Rona. Monday morning I woke up with a headache, body aches and a sore throat. I definitely was having a viral syndrome. No fever though.

I texted one of my favorite ID docs, Miriam Levine, explained my symptoms and she suggest I take the day off and see how things develop. I should also get tested. I called employee health and they took my information and told me they would set up a test and call me back. No time though, just a vague promise that they would call me back. I decided to take matters into my own and get tested through the Detroit Health Department. They were running a drive through testing program at the State Fair Grounds. All you needed was a doctors order and through the magic of self prescribing I got myself an appointment for Tuesday.

The following day, I remained afebrile, the myalgias and sore throat had resolved. I went through the state fair grounds but when I arrived I realized I hadnā€™t actually written out the prescription for the test. I scrambled around my car and found a script pad but no pen. I tore off the top page and put the black script on the dashboard and hoped no one looked too carefully. Amazingly it worked and I got the brain biopsy, err nasal swab without a hitch. Later that day St John called me and gave me an appointment for testing the next day. That afternoon I did Telehealth visits for my CKD patients.

I also updated Dr. Levine, and she said that if I remained afebrile tomorrow I could return to work. So Wednesday, I went to the St John testing facility on my way to work. While the Detroit Public Health was a wham bam thank you maā€™am test, St John had a much more traditional doctor experience, I came in, filled out forms, had an MA take a full set of vitals. Then a doctor came in and did a full history and physical culminating with an influenza swab as well as the desired COVID swab. Later that afternoon I got this text:

I have never returned a page so fast in my life. I was positive for Influenza A. I had previously been immunized so I had a really mild case without fever. The fatigue and viral syndrome I felt on over the week-end bleeding into Monday were real, but they weren’t the COVID. Fake COVID, FauxVID.

And if you are a doctor reading this, don’t send out texts like that.

PS On thursday my COVID came back negative and a week later the Department of Public Health called and told me I was COVID negative.

COVID Typical Admission (CTA) Types 1-3

Every COVID week feels unique. The pandemic keeps reforming. This week I began to see patterns of admissions. Iā€™m now thinking that they fall into one of a few types. And since I am a nephrologist and we love three letter acronyms married to a few subtypes I give you Covid Typical Admission (CTA) types 1-3

CTA Type 1 COVID Classic

The patient is either admitted with hypoxia or pretty quickly develops hypoxia. These patients have viral pneumonia and develop profound immune dysregulation. This week, here in Detroit, we are still seeing CTA Type 1 but at a much lower rate than what was crushing us a few weeks ago. A patient is admitted, and may even appear stable to go to the floor, but then they become hypoxic, get intubated, develop profound multi-system disease including ARDS, hypercoagulability, and often AKI. We sometimes can get them stable enough to begin a long, slow, recovery from ARDS or they die in an ugly cytokine storm.

CTA Type 1 Is really hard on the staff. I was talking to a resident because she was canceling a consult she had requested earlier because the patient had since been made comfort care. She commented, that’s it was her fifth death in two days. These kids are seeing more death compressed into a couple of months than I saw in my entire Med-Peds residency.

CTA Type 2. Come in. Get sick. Get better. Get sick again.

These patients are breaking my heart. I tweeted about this last week. (Boy, it feels like a month)

It is soul crushing to see a patient on the vent in kidney failure, and then to see them get better, get extubated, transfer out of the ICU, start discharge and disposition planning, and then see them slide back, get sick and die. Placement is difficult. Finding subacute rehab or long-term care is tough when you have COVID-19. Everything takes a few more days and I’m seeing people deteriorate during the delay. In my mind I have already tallied these patients as ones the virus didn’t get. These are patients that are a win, right up until they get snatched away.

Itā€™s a sucker punch. And it hurts.

CTA Type 3. Patients being READMITTED with a previous diagnosis of COVID.

This week I started to see patients admitted who has already been admitted here or elsewhere and diagnosed with COVID-19. Apparently, the index hospitalization was at the beginning of the illness. They had pretty mild disease and were sent home without an oxygen requirement. But now 4, 8, or 10 days later they are being readmitted after they failed to shake the disease. Of course CTA Type 3 walks hand-in-hand with Type 2. These are the patients where there wasn’t a delay in discharge. They were able to make it home or a sub acute rehab facility. But the virus didnā€™t get better. They got sick again. The First discharge seemed like a win, but we were looking at a premature outcome.

A lot of these rE-admissions seem pretty benign. A fair amount of altered mental status. Some hypoxia that is easy to treat with nasal cannula oxygen. Some falls with mild trauma. I don’t have a good feel for how sick these people will get, but so far, it seems pretty mild. But this disease is teaching me not to turn my back.

Update on Remdesivir

And since I will always be chained to this infamous tweet, I will comment on the two remdesivir trials that dropped today.

It is these CTA type 2 and type 3 people where I hope that remdesivir has potential. People in the ICU, people that are in the middle of the cytokine storm are not going to benefit from an antiviral. We don’t care about the match once the house is on fire. But earlier in the course, the drug might abort future catastrophes. I hope that if we start treating future CTA Type 3 patients during their index admission we will derail them from severe disease.

Today’s Lancet paper

This Lancet publication was leaked last week, but today we get to see the manuscript. It is a negative study but it is not all terrible. There are some glimmers of hope peaking through the darkness.

I think the data teases that early therapy could be where this drug has promise. Giving the drug later could be like trying to give vanco and cefipime in the middle of sepsis:

an effective therapy given too late to be an effective therapy.

The other remdesivir data is more promising, this larger study of 1000 patients was stopped early because the drug was meeting it’s primary endpoint. The data safety monitoring board (DSMB) just met on April 27 (two days before the press release), so to say it is early is a bit of an understatement. The early bird is still hitting the snooze button. The positive finding was a shorted duration of illness: 15 days for placebo, 11 for remdesivir. Mortality did not meet significance, but the trend makes me excited. I also expect these numbers change as we get more follow up. See CTA Type 2 and 3 above.

I back calculated the number of deaths by using the percent mortality times half the N of 1063. 42 deaths with Remdesivir, 61 deaths with placebo.

David “Bud” Rose has passed

Hanging with Dr. Rose in 2011 at Kidney Week

Nobel Prize

When I was a resident UpToDate was still incomplete and work in progress. I was an early convert and fan. l had become a disciple of Rose of the Yellow Book.

I remember talking with Sarah Faubel and she would convincingly argue that UpToDate is so important to medicine that Rose deserved the Nobel Prize. She explained that it was the best way to move information from the frontiers of science to the physicians providing care at the bedside. I think she was right.

I met my hero

I met Dr. Rose a few times, here is the e-mail I sent my (at the time) future wife about meeting him.

Bud and NephMadness

Burton Rose made two appearances in the inaugural NephMadness of 2013. That year the Thin Ascending limb was dedicated to educational resources (Matt and I have always been medical education nerds). Both UpToDate and Clinical Physiology made the Big Dance.

Here is how we described UpToDate

UpToDate is a juggernaut which rewrote the rules of medical publishing. It was the first successful electronic textbook. When textbooks were just thinking about gluing a CD-ROM to the back page as a multi-media extra, Rose had thrown out the whole book and just used the CD-ROM. This allowed him to ship the textbook before it was done. I remember ordering UpToDate in the mid-90s and internal medicine was not even complete. It was almost finished but some specialties were completely absent. However, every 3 months I would get a new CD with updates to the current files, newly written sections and cards and an update to the abstracts of Medline. In the days before PubMed, UpToDate shipped with a copy of index medicus.

The other freedom of the CD-ROM, was it allowed an 1all new editorial style. Instead of doling out strict word limits in order for the textbook to hit the length determined by the marketing department. Rose was able to go into as much detail as he wanted.

Completely disruptive. He outflanked all of the internal medicine textbooks and they still havenā€™t caught up.

And how we described Clinical Physiology of  Acid-Base and Electrolyte and Disorders

I was finishing my first month of my first rotation as a third year med student when I asked my resident what I should read to help me understand fluids and electrolytes and he told me to get Burton Roseā€™s book. This may have been the worst advice ever: 893 pages (excluding the index) of electrolytes. I bought the book and it went on my shelf. The book remained unopened for 2 years. During my internship year I finally started reading it.  His straightforward, mechanistic explanations of the physiology made everything logical. The yellow book (4th edition cover) taught me most of what I know about physiology. I donā€™t think my experience is unique. I have a feeling that lots of nephrologists out there and probably some endocrinologists and critical care doctors understand the body because of the clear, visual prose that is Roseā€™s gift.

Clinical Physiology went down to ASN Kidney Week in the first round but UpToDate beat Wikipedia. It then advanced to the Saturated 16 by vanquishing The Renal Fellow Network. UpToDate continued its run by destroying ASN Kidney Week 82% to 18% and advanced to the Effluent 8. The ride came to an end when Captopril defeated UpToDate, preventing a trip to the Filtered Four.

The following year NephMadness started using experts to help build the brackets. Edgar Lerma, who know everyone asked if Dr. Rose would help out. Here is his response. Classy. Totally classy.

We had an electrolyte bracket and invited Dr. Rose to be our selection committee member. We had a conference call, but legal entanglements prevented him from being part of the contest (at least that’s what he told us, it could have been that after talking to us he wanted nothing to do with NephMadness).

The first Second Generation Narins Award Winner

I won the Robert G Narins award from the ASN in 2017. When you get the award you give a short five minute acceptance speech during the big plenary session and a standard trope is to mention how you knew Robert Narins and how he inspired you in nephrology. But even though I’m from Detroit and work only a dozen miles away from where he was chief, our paths never crossed and I never met Robert Narins. My hero and inspiration in nephrology was 2009 winner, Bud Rose. So I think that makes me the first second generation Narins award winner.

I remember sometime in the early 90s when I was thinking about what my place in medicine would be. I knew I wanted to be involved in teaching but research wasn’t my bag and publishing in traditional academic journals wasn’t something I was interested in. I was explaining this conundrum to a senior resident and he suggested I look Rose up in PubMed. See how many publications he had. There is clearly at least one other Rose BD, but looking through the titles I can find nine articles by our Burton Rose. That moment crystalized what I wanted from my career, to be a medical educator without trying to excel at both medical education and research. I wanted to be Burton Rose.

This one is actually from 2019, it is worth looking at the replies.

The first thing I did after seeing that Rose passed was come to this blog and search for his name. Eight pages. There are 8 pages of posts that show up when you search for Rose. His presence looms large over my career.

He was a giant.

He will be missed.

He will never be forgotten.

Thank you for the teaching.

Thank you for the inspiration.

There is a lot of chatter on Twitter about his passing here are some of the tweets.

https://twitter.com/arebelo/status/1253851955614621696?s=20

The magic of treating minimal change disease

I had this patient come to me with miserable nephrotic syndrome. Following a biopsy that revealed minimal change disease (MCD), I started her on prednisone and BOOM she got better.

A few months later I tweeted (since deleted, don’t ask) these pics with the caption:

If all I could find a job where all I did was treat minimal change disease all day long, I would sign up in a heart beat.

The point was that MCD is one of the most rewarding diseases nephrologists get to treat. The patients are miserable, you give them the medicine, and they get better. Yes, I know there is a terrifying relapse rate, and high dose steroids are no walking the park, but compared to the disease we typically treat in nephrology, this one is particularly rewarding.

The COVID Diaries. The beginning

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes here. They have remained in Drafts for over a month. I am going to start publishing these diary entries.

I remember the first patient at St John Hospital that had COVID. We had been hearing about this disease. First in China, then in Italy and Iran. Then Americans had it, but they were on cruise ships. Then it was nursing home patients in Washington and then it was here, in Detroit. It was a long build up. I remember reading about the doctors in Italy and thinking, ā€œIs it possible that Iā€™m sitting comfortably in suburban USA and in two weeks itā€™ll be World War One Trench warfareā€

Well the two weeks ticked off and here was the first patient. We already had a number of people that were getting ruled out for COVID. But we didnā€™t know what we were doing and the disease prevalence was so low we were ruling out some people that were low risk; people that obviously had alternative explanations for a fever. It was like we were sick of getting ready and just wanted to have a patient in isolation. So there were those ā€œfakeā€ covidā€™s and then there was the patient in the ICU, the patient with white-out on chest x-ray. The patient on a PEEP of 17, 100% FiO2 with PaO2 in the 70s. That was the real one. The test wasnā€™t back yet, but everyone knew, that was the disease. That was what was waiting for us.

That patient, patient zero, the first one with real bad ARDS also had kidney failure so they became my patient. A few days later we got PCR confirmation of the diagnosis. I took a screen shot of the report. It felt important. I remembered reading in the Italian reports how they were excited by the first positive reports and then a week later that was all they were seeing, positive after positive.

The patients began to trickle in. One by one and then two by two. Fellows were banned from seeing patients in order to conserve PPE, and protect them, so my fellow began carefully highlighting he patients on the list that were COVID-19. By the end of the week she shifted to highlighting the ones that werenā€™t COVID to conserve her pen, and the next week she stopped the ritual all together; our consult nephrology list was entirely COVID.

As our list mutated from the nephrology consult service to a COVID-Nephropathy service the hospital also transformed. We found ourselves taking a short cut to the inpatient dialysis unit and walking through a door and all of sudden we werenā€™t in our familiar hospital but some facsimile of a biocontainment unit. All the doors were shut. Everyone was in masks, hair nets and gowns. One wrong turn and you were transported to the set of Contagion. Same thing would happen in the ER. or the first week they segregated the ER to COVID and not COVID modules but the COVID patients quickly over ran their alotment and the whole ER became COVID-land.

Besides the isolation strategies the other part that made the hospital feel eerie was how quiet it became. Everyone assumes that the hospitals had to be crazy, but the truth was once they stopped allowing visitors and stopped elective surgeries, the wards became still. The cafeteria was empty. The hospital was quiet, still, and nearly empty.

Collaborative letter about the pandemic

COVID19 is the only thing on people’s minds. Everywhere you turn organizations are trying to create policies to address the crisis and inevitably they are turning to the CDC for reliable recommendations. Unfortunately, the CDC seems to be making scientifically questionable and politically motivated recommendations. News reports keep filing stories of scientists being muzzled so that they only voice the administration’s position. Dr. Paul Sufka was as frustrated as I was about this and wanted my advice about sending a letter to state officials asking for more aggressive measures to be taken to stave off the pandemic. I thought it was a great idea and suggested a joint letter. Later that day he added me to a DM group of physicians working on such a letter. The mission of the letter mutated over the next 72 hours from a plea to government to an informational post for patients.

The final result is now up at Kevin MD and Howard Luks website. Howard was really the driver of the letter. It felt like a productive project to work on as we wait for the disease to wash over our hospital. On Thursday (3/12/20) I was editing an early outline and documented there were 1,200 people in the US with confirmed cases of Corona. Then when re-editing on Friday, that number was up to 1,600. Today it was 2,100. In three days the number almost doubled.

This is going to get rough.

Let’s be careful out there.

Update. Howard Luks’ website is getting hammered. This post is really catching fire. He is asking that people look at the Medium post for now.

Update 2: the post went viral and was read by approximately 8 million people. 5 million on Howard’s site, 2+ million on KevinMD, and 1.5 million on Medium. This is the most reach I have ever been a part of. It speaks to the tremendous hunger people had for unbiased, science-based information in a time when everything seems to be politicized.

For #WorldKidneyDay 2020: Why Nephrology?

Residents often ask me what is wrong with nephrology? Why don’t residents want to become nephrologists anymore?

I have a number of answers to that question, but explaining the reason means that I am explaining how other people think and make decisions. I’d rather talk about how much I love nephrology and why I find it a fulfilling career. It feels more honest and less presumptuous.

Last week I had a perfect day and it encapsulated what makes me so happy in the medical career I have chosen.

I woke up, walked the dog and headed into the hospital. I had a lecture. I hold a monthly electrolyte session with the fellows. It is scheduled for an hour but we always go long. Usually the lectures last 90 minutes. I start the lecture with a recent electrolyte conundrum that we work out on the white board. Last week’s lecture kicked off with the highest urine sodium I had ever seen.

And after discussing this case of hyponatremia we continued the potassium lecture from the previous month. The way I handle my fellow lectures is I use the slide set from my resident level lecture but instead of going through the slides in an hour, we spend three to four hours unpacking lecture. We discuss the papers and data behind each slide. The original presentation becomes a road map for a meandering discussion-based didactic session. They are among the most enjoyable teaching sessions I do.

After this lecture I went to the dialysis floor where I’m rounding this month. The full team is supposed to be a fellow, a senior resident, and three interns. But this month we don’t have a fellow, and on that Thursday the senior was in clinic and one of the interns was in his weekly lectures (he is an ER intern, not categorical medicine). So it was just me and two of the interns running the show. The service had exploded overnight so we had the work cut out for us. But we buckled down, triaged the list, saw the sickest ones first, got dialysis orders in for the new patients, and saw everyone on the floor. We even did some on-the-fly teaching and the interns got to see a fresh transplant patient who was making urine. This was great because the previous two transplants had delayed graft function and slow graft function. So this one completed the set.

At noon I had a lecture, but this time I was the audience. One of our fellows was presenting on an interesting case. This was his first time presenting the case but he is going to present at the upcoming intracity grand rounds so we essentially got to see his one point oh presentation. It was great getting to see his work because I know he had been working hard on it. How did I know he had done his homework? Because he had been discussing the case and his research on Twitter!

https://twitter.com/TrehanMD/status/1234521551166431233?s=20

Then after lunch I had a meeting with the head of research and our biostatistician to go over three different resident and fellow research projects to see how they are going. This research isn’t moving fast but it is moving forward and it will be exciting. We have some good stuff in the pipeline.

After that I headed back to the ward, but got derailed by the transplant surgeon and spent 20 minutes trading hospital gossip with her. Truly one of the most enjouable diversions you can have. After that I met with my team, now joined by the senior and ER resident to card-round and make sure everyone was tucked in for the night with dialysis orders ready for tomorrow.

I then went back to my office, added a page to the NSMC.blog website for the NSMC interns.

Went home.

Went for a 5 mile run.

Dinner with my daughter and lastly worked on NephMadness until I went to bed.

Does anybody have it better than me?

What a day!

Mini-Tweetorial on Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA)

How small can you make a tweetorial? This one is only 5 tweets.

A lot of patients are on metformin and a lot of people get lactic acidosis. One does not always cause the other.

But in this case I think the metformin did cause the lactic acidosis. The patient did not have sepsis. There wasn’t any dead bowel, shock, or other typical cause of lactic acidosis. And thanks for asking, the thiamine was normal, they were not being poisoned with arsenic. No aspirin toxicity. No malignancy causing an occult type B lactic acidosis.

They had acute tubular necrosis causing acute kidney injury.

The lactate was sky high

Perfusion was intact. Blood pressures were in the 160s.

And they were taking a coupe grams of metformin a day. The thing about a creatinine of 8 is you need to have a GFR of around zero for almost week to get there. So imagine the patient has about 14 grams of metformin on board.

I think this was MALA.

I think this patient should have gotten hemodialysis.