Sodium including electrolyte free water
Sodium including electrolyte free water (Keynote, Powerpoint PDF)
This is an older version of my hyponatremia lecture. This lecture has gone through various versions and though I like my most current version, others may like older variations better. Additionally the Keynote version (2014) is similar but not identical to the Powerpoint version (2013).
Acute renal failure from the basics to the latest advances
Acute renal failure from the basics to the latest advances (Keynote 71 MB)
Acid-Base
Acid-Base (Powerpoint)
- This is a lecture written for medical students getting their first exposure to acid-base physiology.
- This is a version for residents where the learners have previous experience with acid base. (Powerpoint | PDF)
- Scope:
- primary disorder
- second primary disorders affecting compensation
- anion gap
- osmolar gap
- bicarbonate before
- The presentation depends on a brand new supplemental questions handout (Word, PDF). This is an 11 page book of 67 unique practice questions with answers
Case of a drunk with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, refeeding syndrome and beer drinkers potomania.
Imaging acute renal failure
Imaging in Acute Renal Failure. Diabetic Nephropathy with a focus on proteinuria as a poor prognostic
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic Nephropathy (Powerpoint, PDF)
Non-anion gap Metabolic Acidosis
Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (Powerpoint, PDF)
- Case-based
- 70 slides, 1 hour
- Revised May 2013
- Now optimized for App.GoSoapBox
- Now available as a screencast.
- In your chloride intoxication group of causes, add TPN
- In your GI loss of HCO3, “change HCO3 to HCO3 precursors” since what we lose in diarrhea is not HCO3 per se since pH of the stool is not acidic, we lose citrate, etc which transform into HCO3 eventually
- Interesting comment on renal bicarb loss: I would add an extra group and call it decrease renal NH4+ excretion and add distal RTA, renal insufficiency and hypoaldosteronism. You don’t lose HCO3 in distal RTA or hypoaldosteronism. You could argue that NH4+ synthesis in proximal tubule generates “new HCO3” but the student will get lost in that concept
- In the renal HCO3 loss group I would add post-treatment of DKA, and post-hypocapnia
- Toluene can cause both anion gap and non anion gap metabolic acidosis but the non anion gap is more common because the unmeasured anions are rapidly excreted by the kidneys
- Pentamidine also blocks ENaC and can cause hyperkalemia
