Hyponatremia tweetorial

This is a basic approach to hyponatremia. (link if you would prefer to see the tweets on twitter)

1/ This is like the Bat Signal for me… #Tweetorial #Hyponatremia #LoudlyForThePeopleAtTheBackOfTheRoom

https://twitter.com/tonlajr/status/1304011343226437637
Batman Michael Keaton GIF

2/ The first question in hyponatremia is…

๐Ÿ‘Is๐Ÿ‘the๐Ÿ‘patient๐Ÿ‘seizing?๐Ÿ‘

If you have a patient with cerebral edema from acute hyponatremia you need to 3% Saline first and ask questions later.

Matthew Smith Doctor Who GIF

3/ If patients have hyponatremia and have severe symptoms it is 150 ml of 3% then recheck the sodium and give another 150 ml of 3% (I’m using the European guidelines)

https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/170/3/G1.xml

3b/ Be careful with vomiting there ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป

This means if the hyponatremia is causing the vomiting, then you have severe symptoms and it is 3% time. But if the vomiting is causing the hyponatremia, that doesn’t automatically indicate severe symptoms and you will need to dig deeper.

4/ The goal of acute mgmt is to raise the Na by 5 or stop the symptoms, which ever is quicker. If you have raised the Na by 5 and they are still seizing, then it is probably not the low Na causing the seizure and you need to ๐Ÿ‘€ deeper. Algorithm from

https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/170/3/G1.xml

5/ But when @tonlajr asked about the approach to sodium he wanted to know abot dx, not acute mgmt so…onward to diagnosis!

Glory Roomba GIF

6/ I am goin to be walking you through this algorithm:

https://twitter.com/hashamsarwar/status/1304476073627914240?s=20

Step one check the serum osmolarity (and get a repeat sodium, just to make sure it wasn’t a lab error)

7/ Since we are looking at a low sodium we expect a low osmolarity (don’t worry about the difference between osmolality and osmolarity, anyone who is a stickler about that is being a dick)

If we don’t find a low osmolality something weird is going on:

7b/ Low sodium with a normal osmolarity: Lab error from too much protein (IVIG, multiple myeloma) or too much fat (High lipids or triglys) in the blood. This throws off some lab machines.

(Specifically but not point of care iStats or ABG laboratories)

7c/ Low sodium with a high osmolality: this is usually due to hyperglycemia (but can be seen with mannitol, glycine and other edge cases). The hyponatremia is real, but due to another osmotically active particle (glucose in most cases) the are no consequences to the hyponatremia

7/d It is not as simple as that (it never is).
Read this manuscript journal๐Ÿ“–: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26002851/
or listen to this podcast๐ŸŽง:

8/ So that leaves the true hyponatremia. Low sodium and low osmolarity. The branch point here is:

What is the urine osmolarity?

The urine osmolarity tells us if the kidney is causing the hyponatremia or just unable to correct the hyponatremia (despite the best intentions)

9/ The urine osmolarity is less than 100 (maybe up to 150 or 200 if the patient has CKD). This indicates a lack of ADH and a kidney that is doing its best to correct the hyponatremia. The problem is not the character of the urine but the amount. Right urine, not enough.

9b/ The differential for low sodium, low serum and urine osmolarity is short:

โ€ข Oliguric kidney failure
โ€ข Tea and Toast
โ€ข Beer Drinkers potomania
โ€ข Psychogenic polydipsia

* Recovering from volume depletion hyponatremia

9c/ In low Na, low serum and urine osmolarity the urine is getting rid of excess water but the kidney cannot make enough urine because:

โ€ข Kidney failure (low GFR)
โ€ข T & T / Beer drinkers (lack of solute)
โ€ข Psychogen polydipsia (you are drinking faster than you are peeing)

10 Low sodium, low serum osm, high urine osm. This is ADH dependant hyponatremia. The kidney, stimulated by ADH, is causing the hyponatremia by generating free water. Making more urine here, just makes the Na fall further.

10b/ ADH can be ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฐ due to low volume or a perceived low volume state:

Low volume states: GI losses like diarrhea or vomiting; renal losses like diuretics

High volume/low perceived volume: heart failure, liver failure, nephrotic syndrome

10c/ ADH can be ๐—ป๐—ผ๐—ป-๐—ฝ๐—ต๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฐ (euvolemic):

Adrenal insufficiency
Hypothyroidism (probably doesn’t exist, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470237/)
SIADH (it’s usually this)

10d/ To differentiate these you can try to use a physical exam to determine volume status but doctors suck at it.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3674097/

10e/ Instead (or in addition) Check urine sodium and serum uric acid:

Urine sodium low, uric acid high in hypovolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia

Urine sodium high and uric acid low in euvolemic hyponatremia

Originally tweeted by Joel M. Topf, MD FACP (@kidney_boy) on September 12, 2020.

July 1st approaches, it’s new fellow season

I remember the first days of nephrology fellowship. It was exhilarating. It was terrifying. All through residency, when you came across a patient that had you stumped you could just call the consultant. Now I was the last line of defense. I was on the receiving end of that phone call and I did not feel up to the task. I remember those months as being among the most stressful of my career. I started carrying around a small bottle of Pesto-Bismol to fight the stress induced gastritis.

I felt like a drunk, walking out of the ICU to take little nips from “my little helper.” It’s a lot of self induced pressure to battle the imposter syndrome inherent in being a new fellow, especially one coming from an outside institution.

One of my first consults was a transplant patient. The patient had acute kidney injury (AKI) and hyponatremia. She had recently received IVIG and I was so excited that I figured out that her hyponatremia was due to pseudohyponatremia from the IVIG. (See

this letter to the NEJM). So it was particularly disheartening when the transplant surgeon was not impressed pseudohyponatremia diagnosis especially since I had not been able to make any heads or tails regarding the AKI. He made his displeasure quit clear. I felt pertty humbled going to my attending, Patrick Cunningham, but he said, “Let’s walk through the case” and quickly, and humanely, pointed out the possibility of osmotic nephrosis from the same IVIG I had already blamed for the hyponatremia.

Fellowship is hard. Be humble. Try hard. Read as much as you can. Ask for help. Every person we graduate is a competent nephrologist. You will be one too. Trust the system. Together we’ll get you there.

The COVID Diaries: the ones we lost

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes. They have remained inย Draftsย for over a month, but now I am going to start publishing these diary entries mostly just to document the strangest, most unexpected experiences of my medical career.

I have lost a lot of patients. We all have. A lot of them were people I never knew. Consults in the ICU with a patient intubated and sedated in kidney failure. You don’t get to know these patients. The ICU discouraged going into the room to examine the patient unless it was absolutely necessary both to protect us from infection, and to minimize consumption of personal protective equipment. There was no family at the bedside. No visitors in the waiting room. I have never had thinner connections to my patients. We worked hard to save them. Most of them died. I can only remember a few of them.

But there are patients I do remember.

The first patient that I Iost was a dialysis patient. She was an older lady that had been taking care of for a few years. I remember the last time I saw her. I was rounding in the dialysis unit and she was sitting in her chair, mask on, and I told her that I was seeing patients with COVID and that it was really bad. I told her not to believe Fox News telling people it was just like the flu. She nodded her head. She was in total agreement. he last thing she told me was to be careful. She lived in a nursing home. Nursing homes are COVID tinder boxes. A week later she was gone. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Another dialysis patient was a young (my current definition for young is anyone born after 1969) man. He was a rabid Michigan fan. Every time I saw him he would be hot about the latest U of M athletics story. Satellite camps, Louisville forfeiting the championship over Michigan, trips to the Vatican, sleep overs in tree houses, Beilein leaving for the NBA, it didn’t matter how minor the issue he would get completely worked about it. I loved his passion. He was one of only a handful of my patients that still worked and he was an essential worker at a grocery store. And then one day…he stopped coming to dialysis. We sent the police to his house and he was gone. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Not all of the hospital patients were so isolated. I remember an older gentleman who came in because he fell. He was tested in the ER because we are testing everybody. He tested positive. He had just a small oxygen requirement but he was otherwise nearly asymptomatic. I saw him the day after admission for some mild acute kidney injury. After my evaluation I asked him he needed anything and he asked if I could get him some grapes. One of the strangest asks I have received. I couldn’t. The next day he was moved to the ICU for intubation and a week later he was gone. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

I lost a few patients from my advanced CKD clinic. These are patients that I see every four weeks to fight for every milliliter of clearance as we try to hold off on dialysis. The mantra of that clinic comes from the first season of Game of Thrones, paraphrased.

What do we say to the God of Dialysis? Not today.

One that I lost was a patient I had been working with for years. I helped him lose weight after learning about weight loss medications on The Curbsiders. I think it was the first time I consciously changed my practice based on a podcast.

He used to come to clinic with his wife and sometimes with his school-aged kid. He was kind and gentle. A good guy taken too soon. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Another long time patient was a woman who would come to clinic with her sister. I always saw them together. In my clinic. I the hospital. Always together. She had terrible heart disease and we were forever adjusting her anti-angina medications and diuretics. Sometimes winning, sometimes losing. She had tough disease but she was a fighter.

One of my favorite memories of her was she used to wear an iPod nano as a wrist watch for years before finally getting an Apple Watch. loved that look.

Another one taken too soon. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Another patient was not a clinic patient, or a dialysis patient, but a patient with pretty bad CKD that our group knew from frequent admissions. He would repeatedly come in with decompensated CKD and we would nurse him back to health and not see him for a few months until he came in again. Then he came in with COVID-19. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Then there was the man who was shot in the bely. We see too much of that in Detroit. He required all the resources of St John’s trauma center. He was going to make it. He was recovering , still sick, but recovering. Then COVID was everywhere. And he no longer was recovering. Nothing feels more like a failure than a lethal nosocomial infection. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

The transplant patient who came to the ER because they thought they had COVID. They didn’t. Sent home. Patient returns days later convinced they had COVID. They didn’t. Sent home. Returns a third time convinced they had COVID. This time they did. I don’t know where they got infected, but I think the ER waiting room was a possibility. Another lethal nosocomial infection. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

I already wrote about patients that we thought were wins but we ended up losing. Those hurt. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

Then there was another long-term patient of mine. Another one in the advanced CKD clinic. One we were fighting for every milliliter of clearance. Like Al Pacino in Any Given Sunday fighting for every inch.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b7bgtu2O4E

That patient was admitted with a viral illness at the end of February. The swab was positive for influenza. We didn’t have much capacity to test for COVID-19 and the protocol said that a positive influenza test meant no test for COVID. But I wonder. I haven’t lost a patient to influenza for years. I know it happens, but I wonder if this patient was actually the first patient I lost to COVID-19. ๐Ÿ˜ฅ

There have been others. Too many other. The numbers are still piling up. Just last week I lost six patients. Six patients. One week.

As the US death toll spirals past the total from Vietnam, I keep thinking about how my medschool roommate, Tim Lamb, described the Vietnam memorial

You start walking and there are just a few names and as you walk, step by step, the names pile up until you are surrounded by names. Drowning in death.

The COVID Diaries 3: Ladies and Gentleman, I think this tweet is going to get me in trouble…

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes. They have remained in Drafts for over a month, but now I am going to start publishing these diary entries mostly just to document the strangest, most unexpected experience of my medical career.

After the second week of peak COVID; a week where I had my own COVID scare, worked har, lost patients, and had a Quarantine Zoom Seder; I was relaxing on twitter, feeling pretty good when the NEJM dropped the first data on Remdesivir. It was a report on the compassionate use program. One of our patients at St Johns had been part of the program. The data looked promising and it was being published in the highest journal of the land. I had seen the article after reading about it from one of the top doctors on Twitter, Eric Topol.

And after scanning the abstract, I quickly tapped out my ๐Ÿ”ฅ-take.

It may not be my most populat tweet but it is certainly in the top 10.

It may have been popular but mostly at my expense. I was not ratioed, but it sure felt like it. Comments were about 10:1 opposed to my enthusiasm. Here are a few of the best:

My Tweet was the lead in coverage over the reaction to the study by WebMD. No, they didn’t reach out to me for comment.

So now it seems like I own remdesivir. See Waitzman’s comment when the Executive Deputy Editor of NEJM presented Grand Rounds at Beth Israel.

And this week, the study, and my tweet were part of The Curbsiders

And I was Exhibit A in the ID Journal Club Chat (#IDClub)

I think it was an unfortunate tweet made too quickly in the evening. I was hoodwinked by the authority of the NEJM and Topol. It probably dropped my credibly as a science communicator. But the importance of this moment is quickly approaching zero as placebo controlled remdesivir data (both positive and negative) begins to emerge. Live and learn. Tweet and move on.

The COVID Diaries. Not COVID, FauxVID

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes. They have remained in Drafts for over a month, but now I am going to start publishing these diary entries mostly just to document the strangest, most unexpected experiences of my medical career.

After my first week in COVID land I was on-call and we adapted to the new crisis. That Saturday while on call I was very tired. This is not so unusual, call is tiring. But that night I went to bed at 9:30, that is unusual. I never go to bed that early. By the next afternoon I had a scratchy throat and I started to wonder if I had the ‘Rona. Monday morning I woke up with a headache, body aches and a sore throat. I definitely was having a viral syndrome. No fever though.

I texted one of my favorite ID docs, Miriam Levine, explained my symptoms and she suggest I take the day off and see how things develop. I should also get tested. I called employee health and they took my information and told me they would set up a test and call me back. No time though, just a vague promise that they would call me back. I decided to take matters into my own and get tested through the Detroit Health Department. They were running a drive through testing program at the State Fair Grounds. All you needed was a doctors order and through the magic of self prescribing I got myself an appointment for Tuesday.

The following day, I remained afebrile, the myalgias and sore throat had resolved. I went through the state fair grounds but when I arrived I realized I hadnโ€™t actually written out the prescription for the test. I scrambled around my car and found a script pad but no pen. I tore off the top page and put the black script on the dashboard and hoped no one looked too carefully. Amazingly it worked and I got the brain biopsy, err nasal swab without a hitch. Later that day St John called me and gave me an appointment for testing the next day. That afternoon I did Telehealth visits for my CKD patients.

I also updated Dr. Levine, and she said that if I remained afebrile tomorrow I could return to work. So Wednesday, I went to the St John testing facility on my way to work. While the Detroit Public Health was a wham bam thank you maโ€™am test, St John had a much more traditional doctor experience, I came in, filled out forms, had an MA take a full set of vitals. Then a doctor came in and did a full history and physical culminating with an influenza swab as well as the desired COVID swab. Later that afternoon I got this text:

I have never returned a page so fast in my life. I was positive for Influenza A. I had previously been immunized so I had a really mild case without fever. The fatigue and viral syndrome I felt on over the week-end bleeding into Monday were real, but they weren’t the COVID. Fake COVID, FauxVID.

And if you are a doctor reading this, don’t send out texts like that.

PS On thursday my COVID came back negative and a week later the Department of Public Health called and told me I was COVID negative.

COVID Typical Admission (CTA) Types 1-3

Every COVID week feels unique. The pandemic keeps reforming. This week I began to see patterns of admissions. Iโ€™m now thinking that they fall into one of a few types. And since I am a nephrologist and we love three letter acronyms married to a few subtypes I give you Covid Typical Admission (CTA) types 1-3

CTA Type 1 COVID Classic

The patient is either admitted with hypoxia or pretty quickly develops hypoxia. These patients have viral pneumonia and develop profound immune dysregulation. This week, here in Detroit, we are still seeing CTA Type 1 but at a much lower rate than what was crushing us a few weeks ago. A patient is admitted, and may even appear stable to go to the floor, but then they become hypoxic, get intubated, develop profound multi-system disease including ARDS, hypercoagulability, and often AKI. We sometimes can get them stable enough to begin a long, slow, recovery from ARDS or they die in an ugly cytokine storm.

CTA Type 1 Is really hard on the staff. I was talking to a resident because she was canceling a consult she had requested earlier because the patient had since been made comfort care. She commented, that’s it was her fifth death in two days. These kids are seeing more death compressed into a couple of months than I saw in my entire Med-Peds residency.

CTA Type 2. Come in. Get sick. Get better. Get sick again.

These patients are breaking my heart. I tweeted about this last week. (Boy, it feels like a month)

It is soul crushing to see a patient on the vent in kidney failure, and then to see them get better, get extubated, transfer out of the ICU, start discharge and disposition planning, and then see them slide back, get sick and die. Placement is difficult. Finding subacute rehab or long-term care is tough when you have COVID-19. Everything takes a few more days and I’m seeing people deteriorate during the delay. In my mind I have already tallied these patients as ones the virus didn’t get. These are patients that are a win, right up until they get snatched away.

Itโ€™s a sucker punch. And it hurts.

CTA Type 3. Patients being READMITTED with a previous diagnosis of COVID.

This week I started to see patients admitted who has already been admitted here or elsewhere and diagnosed with COVID-19. Apparently, the index hospitalization was at the beginning of the illness. They had pretty mild disease and were sent home without an oxygen requirement. But now 4, 8, or 10 days later they are being readmitted after they failed to shake the disease. Of course CTA Type 3 walks hand-in-hand with Type 2. These are the patients where there wasn’t a delay in discharge. They were able to make it home or a sub acute rehab facility. But the virus didnโ€™t get better. They got sick again. The First discharge seemed like a win, but we were looking at a premature outcome.

A lot of these rE-admissions seem pretty benign. A fair amount of altered mental status. Some hypoxia that is easy to treat with nasal cannula oxygen. Some falls with mild trauma. I don’t have a good feel for how sick these people will get, but so far, it seems pretty mild. But this disease is teaching me not to turn my back.

Update on Remdesivir

And since I will always be chained to this infamous tweet, I will comment on the two remdesivir trials that dropped today.

It is these CTA type 2 and type 3 people where I hope that remdesivir has potential. People in the ICU, people that are in the middle of the cytokine storm are not going to benefit from an antiviral. We don’t care about the match once the house is on fire. But earlier in the course, the drug might abort future catastrophes. I hope that if we start treating future CTA Type 3 patients during their index admission we will derail them from severe disease.

Today’s Lancet paper

This Lancet publication was leaked last week, but today we get to see the manuscript. It is a negative study but it is not all terrible. There are some glimmers of hope peaking through the darkness.

I think the data teases that early therapy could be where this drug has promise. Giving the drug later could be like trying to give vanco and cefipime in the middle of sepsis:

an effective therapy given too late to be an effective therapy.

The other remdesivir data is more promising, this larger study of 1000 patients was stopped early because the drug was meeting it’s primary endpoint. The data safety monitoring board (DSMB) just met on April 27 (two days before the press release), so to say it is early is a bit of an understatement. The early bird is still hitting the snooze button. The positive finding was a shorted duration of illness: 15 days for placebo, 11 for remdesivir. Mortality did not meet significance, but the trend makes me excited. I also expect these numbers change as we get more follow up. See CTA Type 2 and 3 above.

I back calculated the number of deaths by using the percent mortality times half the N of 1063. 42 deaths with Remdesivir, 61 deaths with placebo.

David “Bud” Rose has passed

Hanging with Dr. Rose in 2011 at Kidney Week

Nobel Prize

When I was a resident UpToDate was still incomplete and work in progress. I was an early convert and fan. l had become a disciple of Rose of the Yellow Book.

I remember talking with Sarah Faubel and she would convincingly argue that UpToDate is so important to medicine that Rose deserved the Nobel Prize. She explained that it was the best way to move information from the frontiers of science to the physicians providing care at the bedside. I think she was right.

I met my hero

I met Dr. Rose a few times, here is the e-mail I sent my (at the time) future wife about meeting him.

Bud and NephMadness

Burton Rose made two appearances in the inaugural NephMadness of 2013. That year the Thin Ascending limb was dedicated to educational resources (Matt and I have always been medical education nerds). Both UpToDate and Clinical Physiology made the Big Dance.

Here is how we described UpToDate

UpToDate is a juggernaut which rewrote the rules of medical publishing. It was the first successful electronic textbook. When textbooks were just thinking about gluing a CD-ROM to the back page as a multi-media extra, Rose had thrown out the whole book and just used the CD-ROM. This allowed him to ship the textbook before it was done. I remember ordering UpToDate in the mid-90s and internal medicine was not even complete. It was almost finished but some specialties were completely absent. However, every 3 months I would get a new CD with updates to the current files, newly written sections and cards and an update to the abstracts of Medline. In the days before PubMed, UpToDate shipped with a copy of index medicus.

The other freedom of the CD-ROM, was it allowed an 1all new editorial style. Instead of doling out strict word limits in order for the textbook to hit the length determined by the marketing department. Rose was able to go into as much detail as he wanted.

Completely disruptive. He outflanked all of the internal medicine textbooks and they still havenโ€™t caught up.

And how we described Clinical Physiology of  Acid-Base and Electrolyte and Disorders

I was finishing my first month of my first rotation as a third year med student when I asked my resident what I should read to help me understand fluids and electrolytes and he told me to get Burton Roseโ€™s book. This may have been the worst advice ever: 893 pages (excluding the index) of electrolytes. I bought the book and it went on my shelf. The book remained unopened for 2 years. During my internship year I finally started reading it.  His straightforward, mechanistic explanations of the physiology made everything logical. The yellow book (4th edition cover) taught me most of what I know about physiology. I donโ€™t think my experience is unique. I have a feeling that lots of nephrologists out there and probably some endocrinologists and critical care doctors understand the body because of the clear, visual prose that is Roseโ€™s gift.

Clinical Physiology went down to ASN Kidney Week in the first round but UpToDate beat Wikipedia. It then advanced to the Saturated 16 by vanquishing The Renal Fellow Network. UpToDate continued its run by destroying ASN Kidney Week 82% to 18% and advanced to the Effluent 8. The ride came to an end when Captopril defeated UpToDate, preventing a trip to the Filtered Four.

The following year NephMadness started using experts to help build the brackets. Edgar Lerma, who know everyone asked if Dr. Rose would help out. Here is his response. Classy. Totally classy.

We had an electrolyte bracket and invited Dr. Rose to be our selection committee member. We had a conference call, but legal entanglements prevented him from being part of the contest (at least that’s what he told us, it could have been that after talking to us he wanted nothing to do with NephMadness).

The first Second Generation Narins Award Winner

I won the Robert G Narins award from the ASN in 2017. When you get the award you give a short five minute acceptance speech during the big plenary session and a standard trope is to mention how you knew Robert Narins and how he inspired you in nephrology. But even though I’m from Detroit and work only a dozen miles away from where he was chief, our paths never crossed and I never met Robert Narins. My hero and inspiration in nephrology was 2009 winner, Bud Rose. So I think that makes me the first second generation Narins award winner.

I remember sometime in the early 90s when I was thinking about what my place in medicine would be. I knew I wanted to be involved in teaching but research wasn’t my bag and publishing in traditional academic journals wasn’t something I was interested in. I was explaining this conundrum to a senior resident and he suggested I look Rose up in PubMed. See how many publications he had. There is clearly at least one other Rose BD, but looking through the titles I can find nine articles by our Burton Rose. That moment crystalized what I wanted from my career, to be a medical educator without trying to excel at both medical education and research. I wanted to be Burton Rose.

This one is actually from 2019, it is worth looking at the replies.

The first thing I did after seeing that Rose passed was come to this blog and search for his name. Eight pages. There are 8 pages of posts that show up when you search for Rose. His presence looms large over my career.

He was a giant.

He will be missed.

He will never be forgotten.

Thank you for the teaching.

Thank you for the inspiration.

There is a lot of chatter on Twitter about his passing here are some of the tweets.

https://twitter.com/arebelo/status/1253851955614621696?s=20

The magic of treating minimal change disease

I had this patient come to me with miserable nephrotic syndrome. Following a biopsy that revealed minimal change disease (MCD), I started her on prednisone and BOOM she got better.

A few months later I tweeted (since deleted, don’t ask) these pics with the caption:

If all I could find a job where all I did was treat minimal change disease all day long, I would sign up in a heart beat.

The point was that MCD is one of the most rewarding diseases nephrologists get to treat. The patients are miserable, you give them the medicine, and they get better. Yes, I know there is a terrifying relapse rate, and high dose steroids are no walking the park, but compared to the disease we typically treat in nephrology, this one is particularly rewarding.

The COVID Diaries. The beginning

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes here. They have remained in Drafts for over a month. I am going to start publishing these diary entries.

I remember the first patient at St John Hospital that had COVID. We had been hearing about this disease. First in China, then in Italy and Iran. Then Americans had it, but they were on cruise ships. Then it was nursing home patients in Washington and then it was here, in Detroit. It was a long build up. I remember reading about the doctors in Italy and thinking, โ€œIs it possible that Iโ€™m sitting comfortably in suburban USA and in two weeks itโ€™ll be World War One Trench warfareโ€

Well the two weeks ticked off and here was the first patient. We already had a number of people that were getting ruled out for COVID. But we didnโ€™t know what we were doing and the disease prevalence was so low we were ruling out some people that were low risk; people that obviously had alternative explanations for a fever. It was like we were sick of getting ready and just wanted to have a patient in isolation. So there were those โ€œfakeโ€ covidโ€™s and then there was the patient in the ICU, the patient with white-out on chest x-ray. The patient on a PEEP of 17, 100% FiO2 with PaO2 in the 70s. That was the real one. The test wasnโ€™t back yet, but everyone knew, that was the disease. That was what was waiting for us.

That patient, patient zero, the first one with real bad ARDS also had kidney failure so they became my patient. A few days later we got PCR confirmation of the diagnosis. I took a screen shot of the report. It felt important. I remembered reading in the Italian reports how they were excited by the first positive reports and then a week later that was all they were seeing, positive after positive.

The patients began to trickle in. One by one and then two by two. Fellows were banned from seeing patients in order to conserve PPE, and protect them, so my fellow began carefully highlighting he patients on the list that were COVID-19. By the end of the week she shifted to highlighting the ones that werenโ€™t COVID to conserve her pen, and the next week she stopped the ritual all together; our consult nephrology list was entirely COVID.

As our list mutated from the nephrology consult service to a COVID-Nephropathy service the hospital also transformed. We found ourselves taking a short cut to the inpatient dialysis unit and walking through a door and all of sudden we werenโ€™t in our familiar hospital but some facsimile of a biocontainment unit. All the doors were shut. Everyone was in masks, hair nets and gowns. One wrong turn and you were transported to the set of Contagion. Same thing would happen in the ER. or the first week they segregated the ER to COVID and not COVID modules but the COVID patients quickly over ran their alotment and the whole ER became COVID-land.

Besides the isolation strategies the other part that made the hospital feel eerie was how quiet it became. Everyone assumes that the hospitals had to be crazy, but the truth was once they stopped allowing visitors and stopped elective surgeries, the wards became still. The cafeteria was empty. The hospital was quiet, still, and nearly empty.