David “Bud” Rose has passed

Hanging with Dr. Rose in 2011 at Kidney Week

Nobel Prize

When I was a resident UpToDate was still incomplete and work in progress. I was an early convert and fan. l had become a disciple of Rose of the Yellow Book.

I remember talking with Sarah Faubel and she would convincingly argue that UpToDate is so important to medicine that Rose deserved the Nobel Prize. She explained that it was the best way to move information from the frontiers of science to the physicians providing care at the bedside. I think she was right.

I met my hero

I met Dr. Rose a few times, here is the e-mail I sent my (at the time) future wife about meeting him.

Bud and NephMadness

Burton Rose made two appearances in the inaugural NephMadness of 2013. That year the Thin Ascending limb was dedicated to educational resources (Matt and I have always been medical education nerds). Both UpToDate and Clinical Physiology made the Big Dance.

Here is how we described UpToDate

UpToDate is a juggernaut which rewrote the rules of medical publishing. It was the first successful electronic textbook. When textbooks were just thinking about gluing a CD-ROM to the back page as a multi-media extra, Rose had thrown out the whole book and just used the CD-ROM. This allowed him to ship the textbook before it was done. I remember ordering UpToDate in the mid-90s and internal medicine was not even complete. It was almost finished but some specialties were completely absent. However, every 3 months I would get a new CD with updates to the current files, newly written sections and cards and an update to the abstracts of Medline. In the days before PubMed, UpToDate shipped with a copy of index medicus.

The other freedom of the CD-ROM, was it allowed an 1all new editorial style. Instead of doling out strict word limits in order for the textbook to hit the length determined by the marketing department. Rose was able to go into as much detail as he wanted.

Completely disruptive. He outflanked all of the internal medicine textbooks and they still haven’t caught up.

And how we described Clinical Physiology of  Acid-Base and Electrolyte and Disorders

I was finishing my first month of my first rotation as a third year med student when I asked my resident what I should read to help me understand fluids and electrolytes and he told me to get Burton Rose’s book. This may have been the worst advice ever: 893 pages (excluding the index) of electrolytes. I bought the book and it went on my shelf. The book remained unopened for 2 years. During my internship year I finally started reading it.  His straightforward, mechanistic explanations of the physiology made everything logical. The yellow book (4th edition cover) taught me most of what I know about physiology. I don’t think my experience is unique. I have a feeling that lots of nephrologists out there and probably some endocrinologists and critical care doctors understand the body because of the clear, visual prose that is Rose’s gift.

Clinical Physiology went down to ASN Kidney Week in the first round but UpToDate beat Wikipedia. It then advanced to the Saturated 16 by vanquishing The Renal Fellow Network. UpToDate continued its run by destroying ASN Kidney Week 82% to 18% and advanced to the Effluent 8. The ride came to an end when Captopril defeated UpToDate, preventing a trip to the Filtered Four.

The following year NephMadness started using experts to help build the brackets. Edgar Lerma, who know everyone asked if Dr. Rose would help out. Here is his response. Classy. Totally classy.

We had an electrolyte bracket and invited Dr. Rose to be our selection committee member. We had a conference call, but legal entanglements prevented him from being part of the contest (at least that’s what he told us, it could have been that after talking to us he wanted nothing to do with NephMadness).

The first Second Generation Narins Award Winner

I won the Robert G Narins award from the ASN in 2017. When you get the award you give a short five minute acceptance speech during the big plenary session and a standard trope is to mention how you knew Robert Narins and how he inspired you in nephrology. But even though I’m from Detroit and work only a dozen miles away from where he was chief, our paths never crossed and I never met Robert Narins. My hero and inspiration in nephrology was 2009 winner, Bud Rose. So I think that makes me the first second generation Narins award winner.

I remember sometime in the early 90s when I was thinking about what my place in medicine would be. I knew I wanted to be involved in teaching but research wasn’t my bag and publishing in traditional academic journals wasn’t something I was interested in. I was explaining this conundrum to a senior resident and he suggested I look Rose up in PubMed. See how many publications he had. There is clearly at least one other Rose BD, but looking through the titles I can find nine articles by our Burton Rose. That moment crystalized what I wanted from my career, to be a medical educator without trying to excel at both medical education and research. I wanted to be Burton Rose.

This one is actually from 2019, it is worth looking at the replies.

The first thing I did after seeing that Rose passed was come to this blog and search for his name. Eight pages. There are 8 pages of posts that show up when you search for Rose. His presence looms large over my career.

He was a giant.

He will be missed.

He will never be forgotten.

Thank you for the teaching.

Thank you for the inspiration.

There is a lot of chatter on Twitter about his passing here are some of the tweets.

https://twitter.com/arebelo/status/1253851955614621696?s=20

The magic of treating minimal change disease

I had this patient come to me with miserable nephrotic syndrome. Following a biopsy that revealed minimal change disease (MCD), I started her on prednisone and BOOM she got better.

A few months later I tweeted (since deleted, don’t ask) these pics with the caption:

If all I could find a job where all I did was treat minimal change disease all day long, I would sign up in a heart beat.

The point was that MCD is one of the most rewarding diseases nephrologists get to treat. The patients are miserable, you give them the medicine, and they get better. Yes, I know there is a terrifying relapse rate, and high dose steroids are no walking the park, but compared to the disease we typically treat in nephrology, this one is particularly rewarding.

The COVID Diaries. The beginning

When it became apparent that COVID-19 would not just be a medical event that happened over there but was going to affect everything I started jotting some notes here. They have remained in Drafts for over a month. I am going to start publishing these diary entries.

I remember the first patient at St John Hospital that had COVID. We had been hearing about this disease. First in China, then in Italy and Iran. Then Americans had it, but they were on cruise ships. Then it was nursing home patients in Washington and then it was here, in Detroit. It was a long build up. I remember reading about the doctors in Italy and thinking, “Is it possible that I’m sitting comfortably in suburban USA and in two weeks it’ll be World War One Trench warfare”

Well the two weeks ticked off and here was the first patient. We already had a number of people that were getting ruled out for COVID. But we didn’t know what we were doing and the disease prevalence was so low we were ruling out some people that were low risk; people that obviously had alternative explanations for a fever. It was like we were sick of getting ready and just wanted to have a patient in isolation. So there were those “fake” covid’s and then there was the patient in the ICU, the patient with white-out on chest x-ray. The patient on a PEEP of 17, 100% FiO2 with PaO2 in the 70s. That was the real one. The test wasn’t back yet, but everyone knew, that was the disease. That was what was waiting for us.

That patient, patient zero, the first one with real bad ARDS also had kidney failure so they became my patient. A few days later we got PCR confirmation of the diagnosis. I took a screen shot of the report. It felt important. I remembered reading in the Italian reports how they were excited by the first positive reports and then a week later that was all they were seeing, positive after positive.

The patients began to trickle in. One by one and then two by two. Fellows were banned from seeing patients in order to conserve PPE, and protect them, so my fellow began carefully highlighting he patients on the list that were COVID-19. By the end of the week she shifted to highlighting the ones that weren’t COVID to conserve her pen, and the next week she stopped the ritual all together; our consult nephrology list was entirely COVID.

As our list mutated from the nephrology consult service to a COVID-Nephropathy service the hospital also transformed. We found ourselves taking a short cut to the inpatient dialysis unit and walking through a door and all of sudden we weren’t in our familiar hospital but some facsimile of a biocontainment unit. All the doors were shut. Everyone was in masks, hair nets and gowns. One wrong turn and you were transported to the set of Contagion. Same thing would happen in the ER. or the first week they segregated the ER to COVID and not COVID modules but the COVID patients quickly over ran their alotment and the whole ER became COVID-land.

Besides the isolation strategies the other part that made the hospital feel eerie was how quiet it became. Everyone assumes that the hospitals had to be crazy, but the truth was once they stopped allowing visitors and stopped elective surgeries, the wards became still. The cafeteria was empty. The hospital was quiet, still, and nearly empty.

Collaborative letter about the pandemic

COVID19 is the only thing on people’s minds. Everywhere you turn organizations are trying to create policies to address the crisis and inevitably they are turning to the CDC for reliable recommendations. Unfortunately, the CDC seems to be making scientifically questionable and politically motivated recommendations. News reports keep filing stories of scientists being muzzled so that they only voice the administration’s position. Dr. Paul Sufka was as frustrated as I was about this and wanted my advice about sending a letter to state officials asking for more aggressive measures to be taken to stave off the pandemic. I thought it was a great idea and suggested a joint letter. Later that day he added me to a DM group of physicians working on such a letter. The mission of the letter mutated over the next 72 hours from a plea to government to an informational post for patients.

The final result is now up at Kevin MD and Howard Luks website. Howard was really the driver of the letter. It felt like a productive project to work on as we wait for the disease to wash over our hospital. On Thursday (3/12/20) I was editing an early outline and documented there were 1,200 people in the US with confirmed cases of Corona. Then when re-editing on Friday, that number was up to 1,600. Today it was 2,100. In three days the number almost doubled.

This is going to get rough.

Let’s be careful out there.

Update. Howard Luks’ website is getting hammered. This post is really catching fire. He is asking that people look at the Medium post for now.

Update 2: the post went viral and was read by approximately 8 million people. 5 million on Howard’s site, 2+ million on KevinMD, and 1.5 million on Medium. This is the most reach I have ever been a part of. It speaks to the tremendous hunger people had for unbiased, science-based information in a time when everything seems to be politicized.

For #WorldKidneyDay 2020: Why Nephrology?

Residents often ask me what is wrong with nephrology? Why don’t residents want to become nephrologists anymore?

I have a number of answers to that question, but explaining the reason means that I am explaining how other people think and make decisions. I’d rather talk about how much I love nephrology and why I find it a fulfilling career. It feels more honest and less presumptuous.

Last week I had a perfect day and it encapsulated what makes me so happy in the medical career I have chosen.

I woke up, walked the dog and headed into the hospital. I had a lecture. I hold a monthly electrolyte session with the fellows. It is scheduled for an hour but we always go long. Usually the lectures last 90 minutes. I start the lecture with a recent electrolyte conundrum that we work out on the white board. Last week’s lecture kicked off with the highest urine sodium I had ever seen.

And after discussing this case of hyponatremia we continued the potassium lecture from the previous month. The way I handle my fellow lectures is I use the slide set from my resident level lecture but instead of going through the slides in an hour, we spend three to four hours unpacking lecture. We discuss the papers and data behind each slide. The original presentation becomes a road map for a meandering discussion-based didactic session. They are among the most enjoyable teaching sessions I do.

After this lecture I went to the dialysis floor where I’m rounding this month. The full team is supposed to be a fellow, a senior resident, and three interns. But this month we don’t have a fellow, and on that Thursday the senior was in clinic and one of the interns was in his weekly lectures (he is an ER intern, not categorical medicine). So it was just me and two of the interns running the show. The service had exploded overnight so we had the work cut out for us. But we buckled down, triaged the list, saw the sickest ones first, got dialysis orders in for the new patients, and saw everyone on the floor. We even did some on-the-fly teaching and the interns got to see a fresh transplant patient who was making urine. This was great because the previous two transplants had delayed graft function and slow graft function. So this one completed the set.

At noon I had a lecture, but this time I was the audience. One of our fellows was presenting on an interesting case. This was his first time presenting the case but he is going to present at the upcoming intracity grand rounds so we essentially got to see his one point oh presentation. It was great getting to see his work because I know he had been working hard on it. How did I know he had done his homework? Because he had been discussing the case and his research on Twitter!

https://twitter.com/TrehanMD/status/1234521551166431233?s=20

Then after lunch I had a meeting with the head of research and our biostatistician to go over three different resident and fellow research projects to see how they are going. This research isn’t moving fast but it is moving forward and it will be exciting. We have some good stuff in the pipeline.

After that I headed back to the ward, but got derailed by the transplant surgeon and spent 20 minutes trading hospital gossip with her. Truly one of the most enjouable diversions you can have. After that I met with my team, now joined by the senior and ER resident to card-round and make sure everyone was tucked in for the night with dialysis orders ready for tomorrow.

I then went back to my office, added a page to the NSMC.blog website for the NSMC interns.

Went home.

Went for a 5 mile run.

Dinner with my daughter and lastly worked on NephMadness until I went to bed.

Does anybody have it better than me?

What a day!

Mini-Tweetorial on Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA)

How small can you make a tweetorial? This one is only 5 tweets.

A lot of patients are on metformin and a lot of people get lactic acidosis. One does not always cause the other.

But in this case I think the metformin did cause the lactic acidosis. The patient did not have sepsis. There wasn’t any dead bowel, shock, or other typical cause of lactic acidosis. And thanks for asking, the thiamine was normal, they were not being poisoned with arsenic. No aspirin toxicity. No malignancy causing an occult type B lactic acidosis.

They had acute tubular necrosis causing acute kidney injury.

The lactate was sky high

Perfusion was intact. Blood pressures were in the 160s.

And they were taking a coupe grams of metformin a day. The thing about a creatinine of 8 is you need to have a GFR of around zero for almost week to get there. So imagine the patient has about 14 grams of metformin on board.

I think this was MALA.

I think this patient should have gotten hemodialysis.

New tweet, Old presentation

We tweet and think the tweet evaporates after a day or two (actually, that’s particularly optimistic, most disappear after an hour or two) but occasionally a reply can come from the distant past like a message from a deep space probe.

Today, someone replied to a tweet I wrote in May of 2019.

I’m not sure if The Drug Policy Organization ever posted the webinar, but I now realize that I never posted the slides to my website. So here they are:

Keynote | PDF | Powerpoint

I also made a movie of the demo part of the presentation. I tried to show the logic and process of building a visual abstract.

And here is a screencast of the entire presentation:

Thanks for the nudge Salina!